Immunosenescence and inflammaging as physiological processes of aging

Aging is a complex process, from the biological, social, and psychological point of view, and various definitions have been proposed, however, many of them lack integration, adopting unidirectional reductionist approaches.Aging is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation known as inflammaging, in which factors such as the accumulation of senescent cells, cellular debris, and microbiota dysbiosis have been related.On the other side, immunosenescence is a physiological phenomenon in which the function of the immune system is compromised by personal aging, which can increase susceptibility to infections and decrease the effectiveness of vaccines.These changes in immunity have been considered primarily harmful; at present, they are included in a perspective that goes beyond simple deterioration, giving way to "adaptive theory."Understanding the underlying mechanisms of inflammation and immunosenescence is crucial to subsequently develop therapeutic and preventive approaches for health problems related to the geriatric age group.