Rubble Concrete – a material at times of crisis

The article discusses the significant issue of using rubble concrete in contemporary architecture. The author presents the use of rubble concrete in the process of rebuilding Warsaw following the Second World War as a historical context. The publication presents a case study of a park at Kopiec Powstania Warszawskiego [Warsaw Uprising Mound] in the Polish capital. Rubble concrete emerged as a building material in response to the crisis resulting from the collapse of the construction industry, as well as the need to remove the rubble of the destroyed city. Kopiec Powstania Warszawskiego [Warsaw Uprising Mound] served as a storage area for this rubble. Between 2021 and 2023, it was transformed into a public urban park. In order to improve the accessibility of the area, modern retaining walls were erected using specially developed rubble concrete technology. The article describes both the modern rubble concrete technology itself and its symbolic and ecological significance.