Overview on Dynamic Studies, Tools, and Models for High-Voltage dc-Offshore Wind Farm Systems: Dynamic Studies Guidelines for Offshore High-Voltage dc Systems

HVdc offshore transmission systems will need to significantly increase in Great Britain (GB), to meet the government targets for achieving around 40-GW installed offshore wind capacity by 2030 and beyond 75 GW by 2050. For each project phase, several tools and models are used to conduct dynamic studies to ensure grid compliance and appropriate performance of high-voltage dc (HVdc) installations. HVdc transmission connections to offshore wind farms (OWFs) typically consist of multiple technologies supplied by different manufacturers, with each tested individually; there is no composite modeling and testing capability currently available in GB, however, for complex designs and combined solutions. Onshore networks, where these connections occur, are experiencing a reduction in system strength. As wind farms are expected to increasingly support the onshore network with more complex performance and services, it is becoming crucial to examine their overall performance collectively in a combined simulation environment to ensure satisfactory operation.