Global value chain participation, globalisation-Energy Nexus and sustainable development in ASEAN

Achieving net zero carbon emissions necessitates a systemic reorganization of global value chains, particularly in the ASEAN region, due to its growing role as a manufacturing hub. This study explores the interaction between global value chains (GVCs), globalization and sustainable development in ASEAN countries from 2014 to 2022. Using data from sources like the World Development Indicators, Human Development Index, Eora Global Value Chain Database, and others, the study employs a system-generalized method of moments to address endogeneity. The findings reveal that GVC participation significantly impacts sustainable development, with a 1 % increase in GVC involvement leading to a 0.11 % rise in sustainable development. Additionally, globalization metrics such as trade openness and merchandise trade, excluding foreign direct investment, also positively influence sustainable development. When combined with GVCs, these factors further enhance sustainable outcomes. The study also highlights the positive impact of trading in low-carbon goods on sustainable development. Based on these findings, the study recommends policies that promote sustainable production practices within GVCs, sustainable urban planning, good governance, and investment in green infrastructure. Additionally, increased investment in renewable energy technologies and infrastructure is essential to ensure equitable access to clean energy. Governments should prioritize transitioning to low-carbon energy sources to mitigate the negative effects of greenhouse gas emissions.