Bridge infrastructure in Ecuador: challenges and solutions

Bridges are critical components of a nation's infrastructure, vital for efficient transportation and economic stability. However, they are susceptible to aging, increased traffic load, inadequate maintenance, and natural disasters, causing significant human and economic losses. Therefore, it is imperative to take measures to ensure the safety and longevity of the bridges. Developed countries have successfully implemented bridge management systems (BMS) for decades, while developing nations, such as Ecuador, still lack comprehensive systems and regulations. Through an extensive literature review and analysis of bridge collapses in the United States, China, Colombia, and Ecuador, this research highlights the predominant human factors that contribute to bridge failures in Ecuador, such as overloading, impact, and maintenance deficiencies. Additionally, a comprehensive content analysis of national regulations is performed to evaluate how they address and regulate critical aspects related to the causes of bridge collapses. Additionally, the study examines the current state of Ecuadorian bridges, revealing significant deficiencies in data, inspection, and maintenance practices. The results identify the need for a robust bridge management system and regulatory reforms adapted to local conditions to improve the safety, durability, and functionality of bridge infrastructure in Ecuador and similar developing countries.