A low voltage load balancing distribution method considering street information and V2G technology application

The low-voltage distribution network (LVDN) is the final stage in delivering electric energy from power plants to consumers, and its operational condition greatly impacts many power users. While medium-voltage and high-voltage distribution networks can be managed through intelligent digital systems, load imbalance issues in LVDNs often rely on planners’ experience, leading to significant limitations. With advancements in electric vehicle (EV) charging technology and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology, where EVs act as distributed energy storage units, bidirectional energy exchange between vehicles and the grid can now contribute to LVDN operation. This paper proposes a low-voltage load distribution planning method that integrates street information and V2G technology. A two-stage stochastic programming mixed-integer model is developed to tackle load imbalance in LVDNs, with the planning scheme derived from solving this model. A case study is presented to verify the effectiveness of the method, demonstrating that incorporating V2G technology enhances load distribution accuracy and reduces reliance on manual planning, improving network stability and operational efficiency.