Navigating the Ethical Landscape of Xenotransplantation: A Metadata Analysis for Informed Decision-Making

Background: Xenotransplantation, the transfer of animal organs into humans, has gained attention as a solution to the global shortage of human organs for transplantation. Genetic advancements in donor animals, particularly pigs, offer potential to reduce immune rejection and improve compatibility.Objective: This review aimed to examine the scientific advancements, ethical concerns, and clinical outcomes of xenotransplantation, focusing on the use of genetically modified pigs.Methods: A review based on metadata analysis was conducted, adhering to PRISMA guidelines. The research question focused on the efficacy, safety, and ethical considerations of xenotransplantation. Databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were searched using keywords such as "xenotransplantation," "genetic modification," "pig organ transplantation," and "immune rejection." Studies were screened based on eligibility criteria, including clinical trials and ethical analyses. Quality was assessed using the CASP tool, and data were synthesized from 27 studies.Results: Xenotransplantation from genetically modified pigs showed a reduction in immune rejection rates by 60% and decreased waiting times for organ transplants by up to 50%. Long-term graft survival remains uncertain, with a success rate of 70% in short-term trials.Conclusion: Xenotransplantation offers a promising solution to organ shortages, but further long-term studies and ethical evaluations are needed to ensure safety and acceptance.