Synthesis and application of biomass-based graphene oxide using microwave-assisted pyrolysis method

Graphene and related materials have excellent potential to revolutionise many emerging fields, but the large quantity synthesis using environmentally sustainable methods is still challenging. This work studies the synthesis of graphene oxide from food waste biochar with negatively charged properties, which is initially produced using microwave pyrolysis. The synthesised graphene oxide achieved 64.53 % carbon content, 345.79 m 2 /g surface area, 0.074 cm 3 /g micropore volume, large reactive surface area, and ribbon/banded organisation. The performance of carbon-based material is evaluated in the fabrication of a modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) for selective dopamine (DA) detection in the coexistence of ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA). The electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged biochar-based graphene oxide (BBGO) on the surface SPCE and opposite-charged dopamine assisted the oxidation potential with interfering species by electrostatic repulsion of AA and UA. This manuscript substantiates the resource recovery from organic materials and sustainable graphene oxide synthesis, underscoring their application in detecting positively charged species.