A broad analysis of vegetative rescue and propagation of Moquiniastrum polymorphum (Less.) G. Sancho

Background: The primary method for propagating forest species is through seeds, which is cost-effective and ensures genetic adaptability to environmental changes. However, germination issues and genetic variability can hinder standardisation of productivity. In the case of Moquiniastrum polymorphum, a species known for its remarkable wood quality and pharmacological potential, seedling production and genetic improvement efforts have been limited. This study focused on the rescue and vegetative propagation of M. polymorphum, which are crucial steps for species selection and genetic enhancement. Methods: Protocols were tested to rescue and propagate propagules from different individuals collected in Lages, Santa Catarina (2020/2022). The vegetative rescue tests were: (I) epicormic sprouting induction through girdling techniques and detached branches; and (II) influence of individuals, disposition sense and time on the epicormic sprouting of detached branches. Vegetative propagation analyses included: (I) cutting according to individuals; and (II) relation between rooting environments and individuals on cutting. Results: The results indicated that the girdling techniques were not efficient for vegetative rescue, as only 8% of individuals produced epicormic sprouts. In contrast, detached branches showed a much higher success rate of 80% for epicormic sprouting, revealing significant differences in sprout development among individuals over time. Vertically oriented branches produced nearly three times more sprouts compared to horizontally oriented branches. Regarding vegetative propagation, certain individuals exhibited remarkable rooting rates of over 75%. However, no conclusive results were obtained when using epicormic materials or when considering different rooting environments. Conclusions: Given the significance of rescue and vegetative propagation in plant genetic improvement and the limited research addressing these aspects in M. polymorphum, this study holds substantial importance for future investigations. It is recommended to expand rescue and vegetative propagation studies to encompass additional populations, different individuals, and rooting environments, further advancing our understanding and efforts to enhance this species.