Tailoring Interventions To The Needs Of Frail Older Adults: Attitudes Towards Exercise And Protein Supplementation

Combined exercise and dietary interventions have been shown to benefit older adults with frailty, with significant promise in transitioning between frailty states. However, to increase engagement, there is a need to develop interventions that are more accessible and acceptable. Exploring the attitudes of older adults with frailty, will allow interventions to be tailored to their needs and preferences, which will likely enhance adherence and hence, potential effectiveness. PURPOSE: To explore attitude of older adults with frailty towards exercise and protein supplementation METHODS: Men and women aged ≥65 years were recruited from the geriatric medicine clinic at a University Hospital in Ireland. Semi-structured interviews were conducted. Thematic analysis was used, including both inductive and deductive analysis to identify themes via the COM-B model RESULTS: Thirteen participants (mean age 82 ± 8.6 years, 8F, 5 M) were recruited. Three main themes were identified: impact of physical limitations, impact of knowledge, impact of medical professionals. Physical limitations were highlighted as a barrier in one sense through their impact on physical capability to exercise but as a motivator in another sense, as the fear of further limitations and losing independence motivated participants to “keep moving”. Knowledge of the importance of exercise for health was a motivator for engagement, whereas a lack of knowledge of dietary protein meant little consideration was given to it. The influence of medical professionals, in particular GPs and consultants, was apparent as a key extrinsic motivator in up-taking exercise and protein supplementation. CONCLUSIONS: In creating opportunities for older adults with frailty to engage with exercise and protein supplementation through multi-component interventions, we must also foster their capability and motivation. Physical limitations need to catered for, allowing for multiple entry levels and progression routes. Education should be inbuilt to enhance psychological capability in terms of being active with physical limitations and how to increase protein intake. The involvement of medical professionals in promoting interventions will enhance adoption but further strategies will need to be employed to ensure maintenance. Supported by: This study is funded by the Irish Research Council Ireland enterprise partner scholarship with industry partner Tirlan.