Development Of The Co-designed, Evidence-based, Theoretically-grounded WISE (Wellness And Independence Through Strength And Exercise) Intervention

As the older population continues to grow, addressing the associated social, economic, and health challenges requires proactive strategies. Resistance training (RT) is highly effective in improving older individuals' physical and mental well-being, thus supporting sustained independent living. Yet, it is an underutilised strategy. PURPOSE: To develop an effective delivery model to promote the adoption and maintenance of habitual RT among older adults. METHODS: The research was guided by the Medical Research Council Framework for Developing and Evaluating Complex Interventions. In Step 1, a literature review and focus groups with older adults (n = 27) established an evidence base, highlighting key barriers for RT in this demographic. In Step 2, a behavioural analysis was conducted via the COM-B (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behaviour) Model and Theoretical Domain Framework (TDF). Intervention functions, policy categories, and behaviour change techniques (BCTs) were identified using the Behaviour Change Wheel. In Step 3, the intervention was refined through consultation with an expert panel (n = 11) of representatives from academia, exercise service provision and the older adult population. RESULTS: Eight modifiable health behaviour barriers across 7 TDF constructs were identified. This informed the selection of 6 intervention functions and 14 BCTs, which were translated into actionable components. The WISE intervention focuses on: awareness of RT and its benefits through educational workshops, skill development and practical support via group exercise sessions, motivation through one-on-one consultations, self-reliance and lifestyle integration with independent exercise sessions and mhealth support, and adjusting social perspectives and supports through peer leadership. CONCLUSIONS: This RT-based intervention was developed systematically with input from end-users, experts, and a theoretical framework to influence positive behavioural change and promote independent exercise while reducing dependence on direct support. Future research will evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the intervention. South East Regional Development Scholarship Fund