German And Spanish Adaptations Of The Crave Scale For Motivation States For Physical Activity

The CRAVE scale is an instrument currently validated to measure motivation states for both physical activity and sedentarism. So far, validation is limited to American English and Brazilian Portuguese. PURPOSE: The purpose of the current study is to translate, culturally adapt and provide initial evidence of scale adequacy in German and European/Latin American Spanish. METHODS: The CRAVE scale (Stults-Kolehmainen et al., 2021) was translated into Spanish and German by 3 European Spanish speakers, 3 American native Spanish speakers and 3 native German speakers. Back-translations were conducted by native English speakers fluent in Spanish and German. Adapted scales were then rated by native speakers for A) clarity of the item, B) adequacy of the item for the construct, and C) quality of the translation on a 5-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed via the Content Validity Coefficient which indicates the validity of respective variables (CVC; range: 0.0 - 1.0; > 0.8 indicating adequate variables). Adaptations followed guidelines from the International Test Commission. RESULTS: For the Spanish adaptation, the mean clarity CVC of ratings, indicating how understandable a particular item is for the broad Spanish population, was 0.90 (range: 0.73 - 1.00). The mean adequacy, detailing on how much the translated item version referred to the original content in comparison to the back-translated and original version, equaled 0.91 (range: 0.73 - 1.00). The mean quality, assessing the linguistic value of the respective items, was 0.90 (range: 0.73 - 1.00). Accordingly, this resulted in an overall CVC of 0.91 for the Spanish version of the CRAVE scale. For the German adaptation, the mean clarity CVC of ratings was 0.88 (range: 0.73 - 1.00), mean adequacy equaled 0.89 (range: 0.80 - 1.00), and mean quality 0.85 (range: 0.67 - 1.00), resulting in an overall CVC of 0.88 for the German version of the CRAVE scale. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish and German versions of the CRAVE scale are adequately adapted for these languages and ready for further validation. Future studies should use large samples to conduct exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and verify construct validity and reliability for these instruments.