Impact Of Physical Activity And Skm On Hypertension, Diabetes And Dyslipidemia In Maep

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to explore the impact of physical activity intensity and skeletal muscle mass (SKM) on hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia in middle-aged and elderly people (MAEP), and to evaluate the association between the intensity of physical activities, SKM, and the risk of these diseases. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study that included 3,058 participants, 2,049 males (60.82 ± 8.65 yr) and 1,009 females (58.92 ± 8.78 yr), from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Participants engaged in physical activities (2,857 people), including 251 hypertension, 174 diabetes and 328 dyslipidemia. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate the intensity of physical activities and SKM with chronic disease. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore potential influences and the robustness of the results. RESULTS: The intensity of physical activities had a significant association with hypertension (OR = 0.954, p = 0.023), diabetes (OR = 0.927, p = 0.038), and dyslipidemia (OR = 0.917, p = 0.003). Whereas SKM had a significant positive impact on hypertension (OR = 1.046, p < 0.001), diabetes (OR = 1.045, p = 0.020), and dyslipidemia (OR = 1.076, p < 0.001). In the fully adjusted model, engaging in physical activities of moderate-high intensity (HR: 0.127, 95% CI: 0.017-0.942; p = 0.044), moderate-intensity activities only (HR: 0.266, 95% CI: 0.091-0.776; p = 0.015), or low-intensity activities only (HR: 0.545, 95% CI: 0.311-0.953; p = 0.033) for more than 2 hours per day were significantly associated with a reduced risk of hypertension. Compared to the participants who engaged in physical activities, the non-participants showed a stronger association between SKM and an increased risk of hypertension (HR: 1.087, 95% CI: 1.008-1.174; p = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS: Engaging in moderate-high-intensity, moderate-intensity, or low-intensity physical activities can significantly reduce the risk of developing hypertension. Among the non-participants, there is a stronger association between SKM and an increased risk of hypertension. National Social Science Foundation of China [Grant number: 21BTY054]