High Dose Of Cottonseed Oil And Olive Oil Differentially Modulates The Exercise-induced Inflammation

Different dietary interventions have been employed to understand the preventative strategies of reducing exercise-induced inflammation. One such intervention is the supplementation with cottonseed oil (CSO), which has shown anti-inflammatory potential in animals compared to olive oil (OO). Given a lack of human intervention studies, this study aimed to determine the effect of supplementing CSO on human inflammatory markers. PURPOSE: To compare the effect of CSO (30 g and 60 g) and OO (30 g and 60 g) on exercise-induced plasma inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-1ra, TNF-alpha, IL-8, IFN-gamma, IL-1 beta, IL-10) in healthy individuals. METHODS: A 28-30-day double-blinded parallel trial was done where 47 healthy participants (BMI < 27 kg/m^2, 18-55 years) were randomly assigned to smoothies containing 60 g CSO, 60 g OO, 30 g CSO, or 30 g OO. Participants did 30 minutes of uphill treadmill walking or running (75% VO2 max) before and after the intervention. Blood was taken before and 15 minutes after the exercise test on each visit. Plasma was analyzed for inflammatory markers using the Ella Automated Immunoassay System. Linear mixed-effects tests (LMM) were separately done to determine the effect of exercise on inflammatory markers. Percent changes in inflammatory markers was modeled as an outcome using LMM, where the Treatment*Time interaction test was done to observe the treatment effect on the percent changes. RESULTS: At baseline, exercise-induced increases of 0.981 pg/ml (95% CI: 0.71-1.25, p-value <0.05) for IL-6, 0.32 pg/ml (95% CI: 0.08-0.55, p-value <0.05) for IL-8 and 14.02 pg/ml (95% CI: 4.85 - 23.18, p-value <0.05) for IL-1ra. Compared to 60 g OO, the percent change in IL-1ra was 16.8% (95% CI: 2.2% - 31.5%, p-value <0.05) higher post-intervention in the 60 g CSO group. Compared to 60 g OO, the percent change in IL-10 was 22.2% (95% CI: 1.7% - 42.6%, p-value <0.05) higher post-intervention in the 60 g CSO group. CONCLUSION: A high dose of cottonseed and olive oil differentially modulates the inflammatory markers induced through exercise. Funded by Cotton Incorporated 22-070 Cotton Incorporated 22-070