Biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacillus casei, and Candida Albicans on 5 thermoform and 3D printed orthodontic clear aligner and retainer materials at 3 time

As far as these 6 microorganisms are of concern, there might not be a significant overall difference among the clear retainer materials tested in this study. A significant overall increase was observed between the first and third days, which later did not significantly increase more until day 5. The Candida albicans biofilm was more intense than the tested 5 bacteria, which themselves showed rather similar growth patterns to each other.