Watershed Modelling, Using the Geographical Information System (GIS) Approach (Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State Nigeria as Case study)

In a typical watershed area such as the Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria, watershed modelling is essential for the sustainable management of water resources, protection of ecosystems and more. In this study, we will be creating a watershed model for FUTO, this study will also cover other aspects such as estimating the depression-less flow direction, delineating the flow accumulation, extracting realistic drainage network using the Strahler’s stream order method and we will also delineate the watershed’s boundary and identify possible outlets / pour points, using the digital elevation model (DEM) gotten from Alaska satellite facility used as a main data source in combination with the PC version of ArcGIS software (ArcMap 10.7) and then we extract the hydrologic information from the DEM in ArcGIS using Hydrology tools. The estimation of depression-less flow direction is done by filling the digital elevation model (DEM). This includes performing fill on sinks to ensure proper delineation of basins and streams. If the sinks are not filled, a derived drainage network may be discontinuous. After the DEM has been filled, then we can now move on to delineating the flow accumulation in the study area. The results shows that by using watershed function in ArcGIS for watershed flow direction and accumulation in FUTO can be determined. The results also shows the drainage network that was extracted by Strahler’s method, showing different orders of streams and it also shows the watershed boundary and pour point / outlets along the Otamiri River which the watershed drains into. This work simply shows the applicability of GIS as a tool of watershed delineation and drainage extraction.