Urban green spaces in rapidly urbanizing cities: A socio-economic valuation of Nairobi City, Kenya

Urban green spaces are integral elements of urban landscapes, conferring a multitude of advantages that enrich urban living. Nevertheless, the rapid urbanization of cities often ignores green spaces. To ensure that physical planning creates effective and accessible green spaces, this study explores the use, perception, and socio-economic dynamics of urban green spaces in Nairobi. Through a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, including surveys, interviews, and GIS analysis, the study reveals insights into how urban green spaces contribute to environmental sustainability, physical and mental well-being, and social cohesion. Additionally, the findings of the economic assessment of the use of urban green spaces underscores the cost efficiencies and willingness of users to invest in their enhancements, thereby emphasizing the economic significance of green spaces. These results underline the importance of equitable access, effective management, and inclusive design in maximizing the benefits of urban green spaces for urban residents. This research further contributes to a broader understanding of urban green space planning and management, providing insights applicable to diverse urban contexts globally. • Urban green spaces (UGS) enhance health, livability, and attractiveness in rapidly urbanizing cities • Economic valuation reveals users' willingness to pay for UGS improvements, highlighting their value perception. • Conflict between urban development and open spaces persists due to undervaluation of UGS benefits • UGS increases the value of cities and fosters healthier, cohesive, and sustainable urban communities. • Safety, green space quality, leisure time, and gender roles influence men's and women's UGS usage differently.