Cytotoxicity in Tobacco Chewers: Insights from Buccal Cytome Analysis in Botad, Gujarat: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objectives: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a significant public health concern linked to tobacco consumption, particularly affecting rural populations in Gujarat. This condition, which can lead to serious health complications, underscores the urgent need for awareness and intervention strategies in these areas. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of OSMF among tobacco chewers in rural Botad, focusing on identifying cellular abnormalities through buccal cytome analysis. Materials and Methods: A proforma-based approach was employed to collect data from OSMF patients. The study included buccal cytome analysis to assess cellular abnormalities among tobacco chewers, with a particular focus on those consuming mava and pan masala. Additionally, physical observations were made to correlate perinatal health with pre-cancerous lesions. Results: The findings revealed a predominance of OSMF in male patients from rural areas, highlighting a significant lack of awareness regarding the risks associated with tobacco use. Buccal cytome analysis indicated notable cellular abnormalities, especially among mava and pan masala consumers, suggesting heightened cytotoxicity. The study also found major abnormalities in tobacco chewers using lime. Conclusion: This study underscores the critical need for early detection, intervention, and public health initiatives to combat the prevalence and adverse effects of OSMF among tobacco chewers in rural Botad. Addressing this preventable condition is essential for improving community well-being and reducing the burden of tobacco-related health issues..