Towards a modelling, optimization and predictive control framework for smart irrigation

Smart irrigation scheduling is a promising approach for improving the efficiency and sustainability of agricultural water use, especially in arid and semi-arid lands. In this paper, we present a design and simulation of a model predictive controller for smart irrigation scheduling. The proposed controller is based on a mathematical model of the irrigation system, which is used to predict the future states of the system and determine the optimal irrigation schedule for a given crop and field. This study further evaluates the impact of the predictive control framework on crop yield, water use efficiency (WUE), and water savings in tomato production. Three control strategies, including manual control, open-loop control, and model predictive control (MPC), were compared using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) methodology. Results indicate that MPC outperforms the other strategies, yielding the highest average crop yield of 20 t/ha and demonstrating superior WUE at 10.4 kg/m³. Additionally, MPC significantly reduces water consumption, achieving a 29 % and 8 % savings compared to manual and open-loop control, respectively. These findings underscore the efficacy of MPC in optimizing crop yield, conserving water resources, and promoting sustainable agriculture practices. The proposed controller has the potential to address the global water scarcity challenge and contribute to the sustainability of agriculture in arid and semi-arid lands.