Dissipation and Dietary Risk Assessment of the Fungicide Pyraclostrobin in Apples Using Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

The fungicide pyraclostrobin is the main measure used to control apple alternaria blotch in production. To evaluate the potential dietary risks for consumers, the dissipation and terminal residues of pyraclostrobin were investigated using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Pyraclostrobin in apples was extracted by acetonitrile with 2% ammonia and then purified using primary secondary amine (PSA) and graphitized carbon black (GCB). The method showed good linearity within the concentration range of 0.005-0.1 mg L^-1, with a coefficient of determination (R²) ≥ 0.9958. The recoveries ranged from 96.0% to 103.8%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) between 0.8% and 2.3%. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.01 mg kg^-1. Pyraclostrobin dispersible oil suspension was applied in 12 apple fields across China according to good agricultural practices (GAPs). In Beijing and Shandong, the dissipation of pyraclostrobin followed first-order kinetic equations, with a half-life of 11 days. The terminal residues ranged from <0.01 to 0.09 mg kg^-1. The national estimated daily intake (NEDI) of pyraclostrobin was compared with the acceptable daily intake (ADI), resulting in risk quotient (RQ_c) of 80.8%. These results suggest that pyraclostrobin poses a low health risk to consumers under GAP conditions and according to recommended dosages.