Speech and Language Delay in Children: Child Neurology Experience

Objective: Speech delay in early childhood can signify various underlying issues, including neurological disorders. The study aims to comprehensively investigate the etiology of speech delay in children aged 2-5 years and to delineate potential neurological disorders associated with this condition. Method: A total of 220 patients presenting with speech delay/disorder between 2018 and 2021 were included in the study. Data obtained detailed analysis of medical history, physical examinations, developmental assessments, brain magnetic resonance imaging scans, electroencephalography recordings, chromosome karyotype analysis and array comparative genomic hybridization, Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry were retrospectively reviewed, and recorded retrospectively on pre-prepared data forms. Results: Majority (80%) of the study cohort had isolated language delay, while 20% had global developmental delay (GDD). Autism emerged as the most frequently diagnosed condition among children with GDD, followed by other significant diagnoses including neurofibromatosis, cerebral palsy, intellectual disability, hypothyroidism, and Rett syndrome. Conclusion: These results underscore the significance of neurological evaluation in children presenting with speech delay, as it serves as a pivotal step in identifying potential developmental issues early on, such as ASD or GDD. This study contributes valuable insights into understanding the multifaceted nature of speech delay in early childhood and highlights the importance of assuming a holistic approach towards assessment and intervention in affected children.