Evaluation of Bacteriological Profile and Antibiotic Sensitivity Patterns for Enterobacteria in Adults with Urinary Tract Infections: A Retrospective Study

Urinary tract infections are very common and represent a public health concern. The most commonly found bacteria are gramnegative bacilli, with Escherichia coli being by far the most frequently isolated. This retrospective study aimed to assess the epidemiological, clinical, and biological aspects of urinary tract infections UTIs in adults and evaluate antibiotic resistance patterns. We reviewed 68 adult cases of UTIs confirmed by urine or blood cultures at Calmette Hospital in 2019. The results showed that UTIs were more frequent in women than in men, with an average patient age of 31.27 years. . The majority of patients aged between 39-43 years were the most affected (29 cases or 42.65%). The female:male sex ratio was 1.61:1. The most common clinical signs were fever with urinary disturbance (59 cases or 86.76%). The most common bacterial pathogens were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The study also highlighted concerning levels of antibiotic resistance, particularly to penicillin G, while no resistance was observed for imipenem and meropenem. No resistance to imipenem and meropenem was found. The least effective antibiotics were ampicillin, ticarcillin, nalidixic acid, tetracycline, sulfonamides, and trimethoprim. Sensitivity to the combination of amoxicillin+clavulanic acid was notable on our strains of S. aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. Urinary tract infections occur primarily in women. The antibiotic resistance rate is very high and concerning for routine practice in the treatment of urinary tract infections, but they can be treated with various lines of antibiotics like ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, or augmentin tailored to the antibiogram.