Hepatoprotective Activity of Bixa orellana Plant Extract against Hepatotoxicity in Rodent

Introduction: Hepatotoxicity, or liver damage, can result from exposure to toxic substances such as medications, chemicals, alcohol, and environmental pollutants, affecting approximately 1.5 billion people worldwide. Although synthetic drugs offer therapeutic benefits, they often come with side effects. Medicinal plants may offer a viable alternative. This study examines Bixa Orellana, a plant known for its antioxidant properties, to evaluate its potential protective effects on the liver. Methods: The study used 45 Swiss Albino rats, divided into 9 groups. Hepatotoxicity was induced using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Group 1 was negative control group where only normal foods were given. Groups 2 to 6 were exposed to CCl4, while Groups 7 through 9 received low, medium, and high doses of Bixa Orellana extract, respectively. The treatments lasted for 42 days, after which the rats were sacrificed for analysis. Results: Liver function tests (SGPT and SGOT) showed significant improvements, particularly with medium (600mg/kg) and high (1200mg/kg) doses of the extract. Kidney function tests revealed promising results for creatinine levels with low (300mg/kg) and medium (600mg/kg) doses, although urea levels did not change significantly. The lipid profile analysis indicated substantial benefits at high (1200mg/kg) doses, with improvements in HDL, LDL, and cholesterol levels, though triglyceride levels did not show significant changes. Conclusion: The findings suggest that Bixa Orellana has considerable hepatoprotective effects. Further studies are needed to explore its potential as a therapeutic agent for liver protection and to develop detailed reports on its efficacy.