Status and prospects of energy efficiency in the glass industry: Measuring, assessing and improving energy performance

• Status and prospects of energy efficiency in the glass industry are presented. • The investigation of energy performance is based on energy data and modelling. • Alignment with best practice suggests a sectoral improvement potential of 10 %. • Renewable penetration plays a key role for electrification and hydrogen viability. • The versatility of the method facilitates the extension to hard-to-abate sectors. The significant share of energy-related emissions in the glass industry necessitates robust energy efficiency strategies. This paper evaluates the status and prospects of energy efficiency by integrating the measurement, assessment, and improvement of energy performance through energy data and modelling. Measurement and assessment are crucial for effective energy management in hard-to-abate industrial sectors, providing insight into the existence and extent of potential energy efficiency gains. The use of appropriate performance indicators allows for comparison across production contexts and the monitoring of improvements achieved through interventions. The benchmarking of a representative sample of container glass furnaces reveals a current potential for improvement of around 10% based on alignment with best practices. Energy modelling is used to map energy flows along the various systems involved in production, thereby identifying major energy losses. Energy efficiency options can then be categorised based on their contribution to improving energy performance, facilitating the identification of solutions that address current bottlenecks. The study discusses promising opportunities arising from improved batch compositions and outlines the role of renewable penetration on the viability of hydrogen use and furnace electrification. The proposed approach can be transferred to other hard-to-abate industrial sectors to drive progress in decarbonisation.