Wastewater Surveillance for Influenza A Virus and H5 Subtype Concurrent with the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Outbreak in Cattle and Poultry and Associated Human Cases — United States, May 12–July 13, 2024

As part of the response to the highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus outbreak in U.S. cattle and poultry and the associated human cases, CDC and partners are monitoring influenza A virus levels and detection of the H5 subtype in wastewater. Among 48 states and the District of Columbia that performed influenza A testing of wastewater during May 12-July 13, 2024, a weekly average of 309 sites in 38 states had sufficient data for analysis, and 11 sites in four states reported high levels of influenza A virus. H5 subtype testing was conducted at 203 sites in 41 states, with H5 detections at 24 sites in nine states. For each detection or high level, CDC and state and local health departments evaluated data from other influenza surveillance systems and partnered with wastewater utilities and agriculture departments to investigate potential sources. Among the four states with high influenza A virus levels detected in wastewater, three states had corresponding evidence of human influenza activity from other influenza surveillance systems. Among the 24 sites with H5 detections, 15 identified animal sources within the sewershed or adjacent county, including eight milk-processing inputs. Data from these early investigations can help health officials optimize the use of wastewater surveillance during the upcoming respiratory illness season.

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

Journal
MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
Published
2024-09-19
DOI
https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7337a1
Citations
31
Primary Topic
Influenza Virus Research Studies
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
11.99

Funders

Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
article

Wastewater Surveillance for Influenza A Virus and H5 Subtype Concurrent with the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Outbreak in Cattle and Poultry and Associated Human Cases — United States, May 12–July 13, 2024

Angela Rabe, Farah Ahmed, Ruth Lynfield, Dawn Nims et al.
31 citations
MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
Influenza Virus Research Studies
11.99
article

Wastewater Surveillance for Influenza A Virus and H5 Subtype Concurrent with the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Outbreak in Cattle and Poultry and Associated Human Cases — United States, May 12–July 13, 2024

Angela Rabe, Farah Ahmed, Ruth Lynfield, Dawn Nims, Jeffrey W. Mercante, Rebecca Falender, Joshua L. Clayton, Virginia T. Guidry, Mallory Sinner, María Victoria Salinas, Miguella Mark‐Carew, Sonja J. Olsen, Mary Grace Stobierski, Jonathan S. Yoder, Alexandria B B Boehm, Krista Kniss, Heather E. Reese, Alicia Budd, Ariel Christensen, Elisabeth Burnor, Austin Bell, Nicole Fehrenbach, Daniel M. Cornforth, Matthew Flood, Alexander T. Yu, Stephanie Meyer, Marlene K. Wolfe, Matthew Biggerstaff, Scott Santibañez, Allison P. Wheeler, Kate Lockwood Harris, Megan Bias, Rieza H. Soelaeman, Erica Wilson, John Barnes, Margaret A. Honein, Shannon R. Matzinger, Amy Kirby, Michael Welton, Heidi K. Bojes, Matthew T. Leslie, Annette Peters, Joseph Coyle, Melissa Sutton, Jenna Webb, Souci Louis, Layla Lustri, Austin Walkins, Victoria O’Dell, Guinevere Ellison-Giles, Varun Shetty, S. D. J. Bohra, Zack Moore, Hannah Parsons, John M. Anderson, Manpreet Kaur, Ryan Scholz
article en
31 citations

Abstract

As part of the response to the highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus outbreak in U.S. cattle and poultry and the associated human cases, CDC and partners are monitoring influenza A virus levels and detection of the H5 subtype in wastewater. Among 48 states and the District of Columbia that performed influenza A testing of wastewater during May 12-July 13, 2024, a weekly average of 309 sites in 38 states had sufficient data for analysis, and 11 sites in four states reported high levels of influenza A virus. H5 subtype testing was conducted at 203 sites in 41 states, with H5 detections at 24 sites in nine states. For each detection or high level, CDC and state and local health departments evaluated data from other influenza surveillance systems and partnered with wastewater utilities and agriculture departments to investigate potential sources. Among the four states with high influenza A virus levels detected in wastewater, three states had corresponding evidence of human influenza activity from other influenza surveillance systems. Among the 24 sites with H5 detections, 15 identified animal sources within the sewershed or adjacent county, including eight milk-processing inputs. Data from these early investigations can help health officials optimize the use of wastewater surveillance during the upcoming respiratory illness season.

MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly ReportVol. 73(37)
Dermatology Specialists (US)
National Science Foundation, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Department of State, Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, California State Water Resources Control Board, Minnesota Department of Health, California Department of Public Health, Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists, Emory University, Oregon State University, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Oregon Department of Agriculture, Texas Department of State Health Services, National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
Clean water and sanitation
Openalex Percentile: Top 1%
Influenza Virus Research Studies
11.99
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.