First Constraints on the Epoch of Reionization Using the Non-Gaussianity of the Kinematic Sunyaev-Zel’dovich Effect from the South Pole Telescope and Herschel-SPIRE Observations

We report results from an analysis aimed at detecting the trispectrum of the kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect by combining data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT) and Herschel-SPIRE experiments over a 100 deg^{2} field. The SPT observations combine data from the previous and current surveys, namely SPTpol and SPT-3G, to achieve depths of 4.5, 3, and 16 μK-arcmin in bands centered at 95, 150, and 220 GHz. For SPIRE, we include data from the 600 and 857 GHz bands. We reconstruct the velocity-induced large-scale correlation of the small-scale kSZ signal with a quadratic estimator that uses two cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature maps, constructed by optimally combining data from all the frequency bands. We reject the null hypothesis of a zero trispectrum at 10.3σ level. However, the measured trispectrum contains contributions from both the kSZ and other undesired components, such as CMB lensing and astrophysical foregrounds, with kSZ being sub-dominant. We use the agora simulations to estimate the expected signal from CMB lensing and astrophysical foregrounds. After accounting for the contributions from CMB lensing and foreground signals, we do not detect an excess kSZ-only trispectrum and use this nondetection to set constraints on reionization. By applying a prior based on observations of the Gunn-Peterson trough, we obtain an upper limit on the duration of reionization of Δz_{re,50}<4.5 (95% confidence level). We find these constraints are fairly robust to foregrounds assumptions. This trispectrum measurement is independent of, but consistent with, Planck's optical depth measurement. This result is the first constraint on the epoch of reionization using the non-Gaussian nature of the kSZ signal.

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Journal
Physical Review Letters
Published
2024-09-19
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.121004
Citations
19
Primary Topic
Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
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article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
6.30

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article

First Constraints on the Epoch of Reionization Using the Non-Gaussianity of the Kinematic Sunyaev-Zel’dovich Effect from the South Pole Telescope and Herschel-SPIRE Observations

J. D. Hrubes, K. Fichman, E. Hivon, N. W. Halverson et al.
19 citations
Physical Review Letters
Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
6.30
article

First Constraints on the Epoch of Reionization Using the Non-Gaussianity of the Kinematic Sunyaev-Zel’dovich Effect from the South Pole Telescope and Herschel-SPIRE Observations

J. D. Hrubes, K. Fichman, E. Hivon, N. W. Halverson, P. Chaubal, Karen Lévy, V. Novosad, L. Balkenhol, E. Schiappucci, Abhishek S. Maniyar, A. Coerver, S. Guns, C. L. Reichardt, F. Kéruzoré, K. R. Ferguson, T. Cecil, P. A. R. Ade, K. D. Irwin, A. J. Anderson, F. Guidi, B. Ansarinejad, K. R. Dibert, P. Paschos, Jason E. Austermann, M. Rahimi, M. Viero, T.-L. Chou, Lincoln Bryant, M. Millea, J. A. Sobrin, B. A. Benson, M. Korman, M. Archipley, E. Camphuis, E. M. George, C. Corbett Moran, Y. Wan, M. Zemcov, L. E. Bleem, Kedar A. Phadke, J. P. Nibarger, G. P. Holder, Z. Pan, A. N. Bender, F. R. Bouchet, J. E. Ruhl, C. Tucker, R. W. Gardner, J. Montgomery, A. T. Crites, A. Doussot, A. Foster, Chang Feng, K. Prabhu, R. Gualtieri, J. B. Stephen, Todd Veach, Y. Omori, N. Gupta, C. Daley, Cynthia Trendafilova, N. Goeckner-Wald, D. Li, A. Cukierman, N. Whitehorn, J. C. Hood, Y. Nakato, F. Bianchini, B. Thorne, W. L. Holzapfel, C. Sievers, F. Menanteau, S. Raghunathan, M. Dobbs, J. A. Beall, A. Hryciuk, Jason Gallicchio, C. L. Chang, A. E. Gambrel, C. Pryke, P. M. Chichura, R. Citron, A. T. Lee, A. A. Stark, W. L. K. Wu, M. Rouble, S. Patil, C. Tandoi, J. A. Zebrowski, Johannes Hubmayr, K. Kornoelje, Fan Ge, H. C. Chiang, K. Benabed, A. E. Lowitz, T. de Haan, K. L. Thompson, J. J. McMahon, C. L. Kuo, S. Padin, A. Suzuki, Graeme Smecher, J. E. Carlstrom, D. Dutcher, J. D. Vieira, M. R. Young, A. Rahlin, W. Everett, V. Yefremenko, C. Umiltà, G. I. Noble, N. Huang, S. Galli, B. R. Saliwanchik, J. J. Bock, Tyler Natoli, C. Lu, Wei Quan, K. K. Schaffer, T. M. Crawford, L. Knox, G. Wang, A. R. Khalife, E. S. Martsen
article en
19 citations

Abstract

We report results from an analysis aimed at detecting the trispectrum of the kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect by combining data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT) and Herschel-SPIRE experiments over a 100 deg^{2} field. The SPT observations combine data from the previous and current surveys, namely SPTpol and SPT-3G, to achieve depths of 4.5, 3, and 16 μK-arcmin in bands centered at 95, 150, and 220 GHz. For SPIRE, we include data from the 600 and 857 GHz bands. We reconstruct the velocity-induced large-scale correlation of the small-scale kSZ signal with a quadratic estimator that uses two cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature maps, constructed by optimally combining data from all the frequency bands. We reject the null hypothesis of a zero trispectrum at 10.3σ level. However, the measured trispectrum contains contributions from both the kSZ and other undesired components, such as CMB lensing and astrophysical foregrounds, with kSZ being sub-dominant. We use the agora simulations to estimate the expected signal from CMB lensing and astrophysical foregrounds. After accounting for the contributions from CMB lensing and foreground signals, we do not detect an excess kSZ-only trispectrum and use this nondetection to set constraints on reionization. By applying a prior based on observations of the Gunn-Peterson trough, we obtain an upper limit on the duration of reionization of Δz_{re,50}<4.5 (95% confidence level). We find these constraints are fairly robust to foregrounds assumptions. This trispectrum measurement is independent of, but consistent with, Planck's optical depth measurement. This result is the first constraint on the epoch of reionization using the non-Gaussian nature of the kSZ signal.

Physical Review LettersVol. 133(12)
Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CA), California Institute of Technology (US), Argonne National Laboratory (US), Southwest Research Institute (US), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (AU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR), Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (US), National Institute of Standards and Technology (US), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (US), Harvey Mudd College (US), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (JP), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US), Rochester Institute of Technology (US), University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US), The University of Melbourne (AU), University of Toronto (CA), Brookhaven National Laboratory (US), Princeton University (US), University of Minnesota System (US), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (FR), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (US), University of Colorado System (US), University of California System (US), Sorbonne Université (FR), University of Chicago (US), Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian (US), Three-Speed Logic (Canada) (CA), Astronomy and Space (AU), McGill University (CA), Case Western Reserve University (US), Cardiff University (GB), Michigan State University (US), University of KwaZulu-Natal (ZA), Stanford University (US)
U.S. Department of Energy, University of California, National Centre for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory
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