Score-based incentive demand response for load aggregators considering power-score redeem behavior of residential consumers

• A bi-level score-based incentive demand response optimization model is proposed. • The score redeem behavior is considered in the residential demand response model. • The impact of power-score incentive parameters and redeem parameters is clarified. A large amount of residential demand-side resources can be aggregated and utilized under attractive demand response mechanisms. Based on the consumer loyalty program in the research of marketing, a new score-based incentive demand response (SIDR) strategy considering power-score redeem behavior was presented. A bi-level SIDR optimization model that combines the SIDR parameters optimization with the residential consumers’ demand response optimization is proposed. At the lower level, a weight coefficient was modeled based on the construal level theory and fuzzy theory to clarify the influence of incentive step-size and reward distance on residential consumers’ redeem behavior. Then, the optimization model of residential consumers’ demand response was proposed, considering residential consumers’ redeem behavior and comfort in electricity consumption. At the upper level, the optimization model of SIDR incentive parameters is proposed for load aggregators to maximize the demand response profit. The case study on the data of the demand-side bidding market in Zhejiang province, China, illustrates that the SIDR strategy considering power-score redeem behavior can help load aggregators formulate a more reasonable SIDR mechanism and obtain more profit than other incentive-based demand response strategies, thereby enhancing the flexibility and economics of the power system.