Cryogenic thermosiphon used for indirect cooling of superconducting magnets

• A cryogenic thermosiphon facilitates the circulation of cryogen within a cooling system, relying on gravitational forces and phase change. • A simplified mathematical model was formulated and used to perform hydraulic calculations on two cooling circuits of different geometries. • Two spatial orientations of cooling tubes were analysed and compared: vertical and horizontal, also referred to as serpentine. A thermosiphon is a thermodynamic phenomenon that facilitates the circulation of cryogen within a cooling system, relying solely on gravitational forces and phase change. This mechanism leverages the variations in the density of the cryogenic fluid throughout the entire cooling loop, creating a pressure gradient. This gradient serves as the primary driving force for the circulation of the cryogen. To negate the necessity of a circulation pump, it is crucial to determine the geometry of the cooling loop, the configuration of the thermosiphon, its height, and the vertical placement of the cryogen phase separator. This paper introduces a simplified computational model and the geometric calculations of the cryogenic thermosiphon for two distinct configurations of the indirect cooling loop for superconducting magnets.