Numerical and Experimental Validation for Connecting Nature with Architecture by Mimicking Cranium into a Shell Roof

This study focuses on a structural element bio-mimicked from the human cranium (HC) into a shell element. As the HC is effective in resisting intracranial pressure developed by the brain, a water tank was considered to use a bio-mimicked shape of a shell as a roof. An optimized numerical model was validated experimentally and compared with a conventional specimen. The structural behavior of the bio-mimicked specimen is similar and performs more efficiently than the conventional specimen in capacity ratio, crack formation, and load-carrying capacity. Methodology followed: A Computed Tomography (CT) scan of the HC was obtained in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format for finite element analysis (FEA). From the geometric parameters of the HC, the radius of the curvature-to-thickness ratio was derived for the shell. The span and thickness of the shell under two criteria were considered. The spherical and circular shell behaviors were found to be similar to those of the HC, whereas the elliptical shell behavior was not. We studied the shape effect of the HC with the conventional slab and found that the HC shape has an impact on the behavior and is the most efficient. A bio-mimicked mono column was considered as a supporting column for the water tank and analyzed. Overall, adopting this bio-mimicking of the HC into the shell roof connects nature with sustainable architecture.