Optimal carbofuran degradation via CWPO in NOM-doped water by a framework Cu-doped aluminate perovskite catalyst derived from aluminum saline slags

• Synthesis of LaAlCu perovskite catalysts using Al recovered from saline slags. • Catalytic degradation of carbofuran in water using the Fenton-like CWPO approach. • The effects of several experimental conditions were investigated. • the perovskite catalyst exhibited remarkable stability during reuse in up to three cycles. This study is the first to propose the synthesis of La y Al 1–x Cu x O 3–δ perovskite catalysts using Al recovered from acid leaching of saline slags. The effect of parameters such as the La/Al molar ratio was explored during the synthetic process. A suite of characterization techniques—including XRF, XRD, N 2 adsorption, H 2 -TPR, FTIR, TGA-DTA, TEM, SEM, EDX, and XPS—confirmed the successful synthesis of high-purity (up to 90 %) perovskites with La and O vacancies, and a high concentration of Cu(I) active sites dispersed within the perovskite lattice. The best catalyst was used to optimize the degradation of carbofuran (CBF) in water doped with synthetic dissolved natural organic matter (NOM) using the Fenton-like catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) approach. The effects of catalyst concentration, H 2 O 2 dose, and pH on catalytic performance were investigated. Degradation, mineralization (COD removal), and H 2 O 2 consumption were maximized, while Cu leaching was minimized using a statistical desirability function for multiple responses. Optimal conditions were found to be a catalyst concentration (mg Cu/mg H 2 O 2 ) of 0.234 (2.0 g L –1 ), an H 2 O 2 dose of 73.3 % (0.73 times the stoichiometric dose for full COD mineralization), and a remarkable circumneutral pH of 6.2. Under these conditions, degradation reached 94.1 %, and COD mineralization was 51 % under room temperature. Notably, the perovskite catalyst exhibited remarkable stability during reuse in up to three cycles, as demonstrated by the low Cu leaching (<1.30 mg L –1 ).