Histology of skin, gill, liver, and kidney of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus exposed by azo dyes acid red 88.

Abstract Coloring is one of the main process in textile production. Using azo dyes type are the first pick of textile industries. Therefore, the disposal of dye waste containing high levels of azo can increase the toxicity level also impact the fish. Acid Red 88 is an azo type dye which provides a red color as the basic color for coloring textile products. Acid Red 88 are left behind as much as 60% of textile waste. the textile factories wastewater in Indonesia contains an average of 750 mg/L suspended solids. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of azo dye Acid Red 88 exposure to tilapia by the histology of its skin, gills, liver and kidneys. The method used was experimental method with 4 different exposure concentrations of Acid Red 88 P0 (0 mg/L), P1 (75 mg/L), P2 (150 mg/L), P3 (225 mg/L), and P4 (300 mg/L). The damage is identified on the histology of the organs and then measured using a scoring method. The results showed that several damages were found such as epithelial erosion, edema, hyperplasia, telangectasis, hemorage, fatty degeneration, congestion and necrosis.