Causality between ankylosing spondylitis and urolithiasis in European Populations: A Mendelian randomization analysis

Our study demonstrates a causal relationship between AS and urolithiasis, with no evidence of reverse causality. Given the increased risk of urolithiasis in AS patients, it is crucial to implement preventive strategies and early detection. Stone composition analysis should also be incorporated into clinical practice for these patients, as it can provide essential insights into the metabolic and genetic factors contributing to stone formation, thus improving diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes. Future studies are needed to further validate these findings and explore the detailed mechanisms involved.