Filling the gaps on parasites of Osteocephalus: Helminth community structure of Osteocephalus cabrerai (Anura: Hylidae) from the Brazilian Amazon

<i>Osteocephalus cabrerai</i> is an arboreal anuran widely distributed in South America. However, there are no parasitological studies conducted on the species, resulting in a parasite fauna completely unknown. Thus, this study aims to characterize the parasitic community structure of <i>O. cabrerai</i> in the municipality of Pedra Branca do Amapari, Amapá state, Amazon region, Brazil. We collected and necropsied 84 specimens of <i>O. cabrerai</i> to search for helminths. Parasite community structure was analyzed using helminth parasite richness, diversity, and abundance. The helminth component community of <i>O. cabrerai</i> comprises six nematode species: <i>Cosmocerca parva</i>, <i>Cosmocerca podicipinus</i>, <i>Oxyascaris oxyascaris</i>, <i>Oswaldocruzia chabaudi</i>, and <i>Physaloptera</i> sp. (larvae). Most helminth species represent the first record for the genus <i>Osteocephalus</i>, except <i>Physaloptera</i> sp. The helminth infections in the host showed a typical aggregated distribution pattern for parasites. We only found a positive correlation between the host weight and total intensity. Our bibliography revision reinforces the need for further studies on the helminth fauna of <i>Osteocephalus</i> spp.