Lead (Pb) and phenol content in Tukad Badung estuary and histopathological observation of mullet fish (Mugil cephalus) gills as an early warning of endocrine disrupting chemicals toxicity

Abstract Tukad Badung is the largest river that crosses Denpasar City which is in a densely populated area with a variety of human activities including household to industrial activities. This allows the presence of various anthropogenic wastes in these waters, Lead (Pb) and phenol which have high toxicity and are also included in Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs). Information regarding the content Pb and phenol in the water of Tukad Badung estuary is urgently needed as an effort to protect aquatic ecosystems and avoid adverse impacts on human health. The results of measuring the content of Pb and phenol in water samples at three location points showed results Pb was detected higher at point III 0,0101mg/L that showed results above the threshold set by KepMen Negara LH No. 51 Tahun 2004. Meanwhile the results of measurements of phenol content on water in Tukad Badung estuary was found that content at point II was detected 1,845 mg/L and point III was detected 1,913 mg/L which all of these values were still below the threshold set by KepMen Negara LH No. 51 Tahun 2004. Based on histopathological observations of the gills of mullet fish ( Mugil cephalus ) caught in Tukad Badung estuary, including edema, haemorrhage, telangeactasis, lamella fusion, hyperplasia, lamella adhesion, epithelial lifting and necrosis