Computational fluid dynamic simulation of earth air heat exchanger: A thermal performance comparison between series and parallel arrangements

This study uses Ansys Fluent to compare the thermal performance of series and parallel earth air heat exchanger (EAHE) systems for cooling. The model was validated using experimental data from published literature and matched simulation results. The sensitivity study examined how length, diameter, and ground surface coverings affected EAHE performance. The relationship between effectiveness and the Number Transfer Unit (NTU) of EAHE was explored along with the soil thermal regime. The simulation results show that the series EAHE can achieve a lower temperature drop than parallel. With an input air temperature of 32 °C and EAHE lengths varying from 10 m to 50 m (in 10 m increments), the 50 m EAHE produced the lowest outlet air temperatures: 27.2 °C for the series configuration and 28.8 °C for the parallel arrangement. Changing the EAHE diameter (4–6 in) results in a ±0.2 °C outlet air temperature drop for both setups. EAHE performed best under short grass soil cover, yielding 1.4 °C and 0.5 °C lower outlet air temperatures, for series and parallel arrangements than the asphalt cover. The pressure drop increased proportionally with EAHE's length. Simulation results indicate a ±6 times larger pressure loss in the series design compared to the parallel setup. The effectiveness-NTU relationship shows that parallel EAHEs are 15 % more effective than series ones. • 3-D CFD simulation models were developed to investigate the thermal performance of both series and parallel EAHEs. • Sensitivity analysis has been conducted to investigate the effect of design parameters and soil surface covers. • Prediction of the soil temperature profile next to EAHE is presented. • The pressure drop is six times higher in series pipes than in parallel pipes. • The effectiveness-NTU study found parallel EAHEs 15 % more effective than series.