Mapping science in artificial intelligence policy development: formulation, trends, and influences

Abstract This research maps the evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) policy and its scientific underpinnings. First, we analyzed the global AI policy landscape using the Overton policy documents database, which comprises millions of policy documents. Findings reveal a substantial increase in AI policy documents since 2018, with the USA, European Union (EU), and intergovernmental organizations leading policy development efforts. We also analyzed the scientific articles referenced within these policies. The USA stood out as a central hub in the production and funding of AI research, with other Global North countries playing a notable role alongside China. The research cited in AI policy documents predominantly features journals with a high-impact factor, such as Nature and Science. This analysis aims to deepen the understanding of the AI policy landscape, offering insights for academics and policymakers and contributing to managing AI’s global governance.