Immunohistochemical evaluation of CD34, CD117, and calretinin for diagnosis of hirschsprung’s disease

Abstract Introduction Hirschsprung’s disease (HD) is a neurogenic intestinal disorder attributed to incomplete neural crest cell migration during fetal intestinal development, leading to an aganglionic segment of the colon and functional obstruction. Associated malformations like intestinal atresia, hydronephrosis, and imperforate anus can accompany Hirschsprung’s disease. this study aims to evaluate the efficacy of Calretinin and Cajal cells (CD34 and CD117) immunohistochemical staining in improving HD diagnosis. Methods The study involved 70 pediatric patients suspected of Hirschsprung’s disease. Clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analyses were conducted, focusing on calretinin, CD34, and CD117 markers to identify ganglion cells and Cajal cells. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software. Results In the examination of the samples, the calretinin marker exhibited a consistent accuracy of 100% in diagnosing Hirschsprung’s disease (with sensitivity and specificity both at 100%). Regarding the markers for Cajal cells in cases of Hirschsprung’s disease, an irregularity in the arrangement of Cajal cells was observed, which was absent in normal cases. These markers also demonstrated a specificity and sensitivity of 100% in diagnosing the disease. Conclusion Hirschsprung’s disease remains a complex condition with multifaceted pathophysiological mechanisms. Calretinin immunohistochemical staining offers enhanced diagnostic accuracy, while the debate surrounding ICC distribution underscores the need for advanced diagnostic techniques. Further research is warranted to unravel the intricacies of Hirschsprung’s disease and its associated complications.