Two-Stage Transconductance Operational Amplifier designed with VFET experimental data

In this paper, the design of a Two-Stage Transconductance Operational Amplifier (OTA) was studied, using vertical nanowire experimental data. The vertical nanowire device was investigated in both its forward and reverse mode. After analyzing the main electrical parameters of the devices such as Threshold Voltage (V<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</inf>), Drain Current (I<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</inf>), Transconductance (gm), Output Conductance (gd), Early Voltage (V<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">EA</inf>), and Intrinsic Voltage Gain (Av) of the device, it was concluded that, that, for analog integrated circuit applications, the best configuration is in the forward mode thanks to presenting a higher intrinsic voltage gain. Once the best mode for the vertical nanowire was chosen, three OTA circuits were designed, varying the quantity of vertical nanowires among them, to observe how the area affects circuit performance by analyzing its key operating parameters such as voltage gain (Av), gain-bandwidth product (GBW), phase margin (PM), and power dissipation (PD). As a result, it was observed that for a larger area, there is a higher GBW reaching 2GHz; however, the integrated circuit has a higher power dissipation, reaching 4000μW due to the increase in current caused by the number of added parallel devices.