Simultaneous Improvement of Energy Storage Characteristics and Temperature Stability in K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃-Based Ceramics via LiF Modification

The splendid energy storage performances with eminent stability of dielectric ceramics utilized in pulsed power devices have been paid more attention by researchers. This scheme can be basically realized through introducing Li⁺, Bi(Mg_2/3Ta_1/3)O₃, NaNbO₃, and LiF into KNN-based ceramics. Under the breakdown strength (BDS) of 460 kV/cm, an outstanding energy storage density (<i>W</i>) of 6.05 J/cm³ with a high energy efficiency (η) of 85.9% is implemented. Within the broad temperature range from 20 to 140 °C, the numerical fluctuations of energy storage characteristics can be maintained at a relatively stable level (Δ<i>W</i>_rec ≈ 3.5%, Δη ≈ 2.8%). As for the charging-discharging performances, this component possesses a fast discharging speed (<i>t</i>_0.90 ≈ 51 ns) and remarkable temperature stability (the variations are smaller than 3.5%). Additionally, the internal mechanisms of outstanding energy storage properties can be confirmed via crystal structures and domain structures, the content of oxygen vacancies, dielectric and impedance spectra, and phase simulation. Hence, the combination of outstanding energy storage with remarkable thermal stability can be fulfilled in one ceramic system according to this discovery, providing a research thought of developing the materials for dielectric capacitors.