Bio-inspired electronic sensors for healthcare applications

• A new stragic analytical tools to resolve the challenges of miniaturization devices. • Real-time monitoring of chemical and biological markers. • In-vitro & in-vivo system-level solution along with the world of internet-of-things. • A micro- and nano- systems approach for sensing and actuation technologies. Bio-inspired electronic sensors, including E-tongue, E-noses, E-eyes, and E-skin sensors, are revolutionizing healthcare and industries by mimicking human sensory organs for precise detection and identification of stimuli. These sensors use sensor arrays and pattern recognition algorithms to replicate human taste and smell, ensuring consistent quality and safety in food and beverage products. Field olfactometers, an extension of E-nose technology, enable real-time, on-site odor concentration measurements, enhancing environmental monitoring capabilities. E-eyes, grounded in optics and semiconductor technology, offer rapid, accurate assessments of food quality by analyzing parameters like size, shape, and color, improving quality control processes in food production and skin-inspired electronics, designed to integrate with human skin, provide advanced functionalities in wearable devices, human–machine interfaces, healthcare monitoring systems, artificial prosthetics, and robotic tactile perception. These conformal devices have significant potential for continuous health monitoring and interactive applications, fostering advancements in personalized medicine and assistive technologies. In this review, development and application of bio-inspired electronic sensors represent a significant leap forward in healthcare technology, offering sophisticated, reliable solutions for real-time monitoring and quality control across various domains.