Social Cognition and Theory of Mind

Abstract For an individual to exist in a society, they must be receptive to not only signals from their natural environment but also to those from their social environment. Therefore, the human brain possesses a social cognition capable of processing, interpreting, and responding to various signals related to social interaction and relationships. Considering the prevalence of social dysfunction in neurological disorders, social cognition should now be recognized as a core area of function requiring clinical attention. To fulfill the desire to understand the motives behind the behaviors and words of the individuals one interacts with, humans utilize simulation and Theory of Mind mechanisms. In simulation technique, one puts themselves in the shoes of another person and uses themselves as their reference point. Theory of Mind, on the other hand, is the mental mechanism that a person uses every day to explain a word or attitude of another or to predict a behavior of another. One attributes independent mental states to themself and others and, accordingly, reaches certain opinions and judgments. Theory of Mind problems occur in a plenty of neurodevelopmental disorders. Although it is encountered in almost all neurological diseases, it is generally overlooked within the general picture. It can also lead to various communication problems, misunderstandings, and serious problems between neurotypical people in daily life. In this context, Theory of Mind training under the title of social cognitive skills should be included in the curriculum not only in special education and neurorehabilitation but also in formal education. Cite this article as: Atacan Yaşgüçlükal M, Elmalı AD, Korkmaz B. Social cognition and theory of mind. Neuropsychiatr Invest. 2024;62(3):100-108.