A study of case management challenge for black grain eumycetoma during the ongoing war in Sudan

Mycetoma is a chronic and debilitating infectious disease characterized by localized swellings and granulomatous lesions. It primarily affects individuals in tropical and subtropical regions and is caused by certain fungi or bacteria. This case report outlines the presentation, diagnosis, and management of a 37-year-old male from central Sudan with black grain eumycetoma, a challenging condition. The patient presented with recurring painless swelling in his right foot, which progressed over 5 years to include sinuses discharging black grain-like materials. Despite initial treatment with itraconazole and folic acid, the patient discontinued medication due to war-induced hardships including financial and accessibility to treatment and healthcare guidance, resulting in resorting to none-effective and potentially harmful herbal remedies. Multidisciplinary management involving dermatologists, infectious disease specialists, and pharmacists supported with community health workers for health education is essential for enforcing adherence to treatment and successful recovery.