Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of ‘NanGuo’ Pear Revealed Key MYB Transcription Factor Family Genes Involved in Anthocyanin Accumulation

The MYB gene family, widely distributed across a variety of plants, plays a crucial role in the phenylpropane metabolic pathway. In this study, we identified 146 R2R3-MYB genes in the ‘NanGuo’ pear genome by screening its gene sequences. Phylogenetic analysis divided these genes into seven subfamilies, and we examined each for stability through analyses of conserved structural domains and motifs. In addition, differences in the expression levels between two varieties, the ‘NanGuo’ pear and its red bud sport variant ‘NanHong’ pear, were investigated using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The results revealed that the expression levels of 12 R2R3-MYB transcription factors (TFs) corresponded with the trends in anthocyanin content. Specifically, the expression trends of eight R2R3-MYB TFs positively correlated with anthocyanin accumulation, whereas four exhibited opposite trends, suggesting their negatively regulatory role in anthocyanin accumulation. This study not only enhances our understanding of the MYB gene family in the ‘NanGuo’ pear genome but also lays a solid foundation for future research into the functional roles of PuMYBs.