In vitro anti-fungal potential of selected plant extracts against Fusarium oxysporum

Plant diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as viruses, fungi, bacteria, and nematodes, along with unfavourable environmental factors, significantly reduce crop production. Among these pathogens, fungal diseases are particularly detrimental, especially to vegetable crops. India, a leading producer of vegetables, faces substantial crop losses due to fungal infections, with Fusarium oxysporum being one of the most common pathogens affecting solanaceous crops. The reliance on synthetic fungicides has led to negative environmental impacts and reduced efficacy over time, necessitating the search for alternative biocontrol agents. This study explores the antifungal properties of four medicinal plants, Syzygium cumini, Delonix regia, Melia azedarach, and Albizia lebbeck against Fusarium oxysporum. Plant extracts were prepared using acetone, and their efficacy was tested using the poisoned food technique. Among the tested extracts, Albizia lebbeck and Syzygium cumini exhibited the highest antifungal activity, with growth inhibition percentages of 33.56% and 31.41%, respectively, while a standard fungicide, carbendazim, exhibited the highest inhibition at 49.20%. The results indicate that medicinal plant extracts could serve as effective and eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic fungicides for controlling plant pathogens. Further studies are recommended to isolate active antifungal compounds and develop next-generation fungicides.