Integrated effect of organic manures and organic liquid formulations on growth and yield of Garlic cv. Agrifound Parvati in Bharsar condition of Uttarakhand

The field study was carried out at VCSG, UUHF, Pauri Garhwal in 2022-2023 to examine the integrated effect of organic manures and organic liquid formulations on garlic's growth and yield and among the fourteen different treatment combinations that consist of various combinations of organic manures (FYM and Vermicompost) and organic liquid formulations (Panchgavya and Jeevamrit) at varied concentrations, treatment T3 i.e., FYM (10 t/ha) + Panchgavya (2%) prove to be the best treatment concerning growth and yield of garlic. The results revealed that the maximum plant height (17.587 cm, 24.573 cm, 32.100 cm, 55.047 cm and 69.080 cm), number of leaves (5.667, 5.933, 6.400, 8.733, and 8.400), leaf length (15.987 cm, 23.700 cm, 26.500 cm, 35.117 cm, 42.253 cm and 47.880 cm) and breadth (1.167 cm, 1.233 cm, 1.613 cm, 2.260 cm, 2.660 cm and 3.207 cm) and leaf area index (0.123, 0.197, 0.283, 0.527, 0.750 and 1.023) at all the 30 days intervals after sowing of garlic has been observed with the application of Treatment T3. The fundamental reason for the increased growth might be due to the presence of growth-promoting substances like auxins and gibberellins present in panchgavya and high nitrogen and phosphorus present in FYM. Concerning yield attributes, the bulb diameter (5.657 cm), fresh weight of bulb (64.643 cm), length of the bulb (5.853 cm), number of cloves per bulb (12.200), bulb yield (120.833 q), was obtained maximum with the application of same treatment T3 i.e., FYM (10 t/ha) + Panchgavya (2%). The underlying reason could be the application of panchgavya spray which helps to easily translocate nutrients and growth stimulants. However, the harvest index percent was found to be maximum (89.243%) in treatment T13 i.e., Vermicompost (5 t/ha) + Jeevamrit (6%). Consequently, the application of FYM (10 t/ha) along with a foliar spray of panchgavya is considered a superior strategy for enhancing the growth, and yield of garlic.