Antimicrobial activity, Phytochemical screening by HPTLC, FTIR and GC-MS of the extracts of Cissus quadrangularis (L.)

Finding new antimicrobial compounds or extracts is essential to combat the serious problem of rising bacterial resistance to traditional antibiotics. Plant chemicals' biodiversity is a valuable potential resource. The goal of this work is to identify the Cissus quadrangularis active ingredients that have antibacterial properties. Quercetin (Rf-0.6), myricetin (Rf-0.49), apigenin (Rf-0.68), gallic acid (Rf-0.35) are present in C. quadrangularis, which gives it powerful antioxidant properties. The plant extract contains 34.8±0.014 mg/g of total flavonoids, which is equal to quercetin, and 20.46±0.01 mg/g of total phenolics, which is equal to gallic acid.  It was found that the extract has antibacterial activity against E. coli-ATCC 10231, S typhi NCTC-786, S. aureus-ATCC-9144 and B. subtilis-ATCC 9372. This activity was revealed using the zone of inhibition. On the other hand, GC-MS analysis was used to identify more active chemicals Phytoconstituents like n-Hexadecanoic acid, Phytol, Z-7-Tetradecenal, Campesterol, Gamma sitosterol Tetracosanoic acid methyl ester, Squalene, Tocopherol, and Vitamin E. Gamma sitosterol, and Campesterol created several hydrogen bonds with the three targets protein (1AJ6, 7D6G & IGG4), according to an analysis of the docking results. Furthermore, the MM-GBSA energy analysis results showed that gamma sitosterol had a substantially higher binding affinity than folate to the active site of 7D6G. Together, these results suggest that campesterol and gamma sitosterol work synergistically, the antimicrobial properties of the Cissus quadrangularis extract are probably similar to ampicillin.