The anticancer properties of harmine and its derivatives

Abstract This review aims to provide information about the anticancer potential of harmine, a β-carboline alkaloid that was initially isolated in 1847 from the seeds and roots of Peganum harmala L. Various studies have revealed that it possesses a wide range of therapeutic qualities, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antidiabetic, and, most notably, anticancer effects. This review discusses the anticancer capabilities of harmine and its derivatives against malignancies such as breast cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer and thyroid cancer. Harmine uses mechanisms such as apoptosis and angiogenesis inhibition to fight cancer cells. It also influences the cell cycle by inhibiting specific cyclin-dependent kinases and slowing tumor cell proliferation. Synergistic effects have also been observed when harmine is used in combination with other anticancer medications. Harmine has the potential to be a potent anticancer medication that can help in the fight against cancer. Graphical abstract