A State-Function-Driven Consensus Protocol for Blockchain Networks

A state-function-driven consensus protocol is proposed for blockchain network systems. The consensus protocol can be categorized into an internal-state-driven consensus class in which the leader selection process is driven by the blockchain state which continuously changes over time. Concepts of abstract clock and clock synchronization are defined using total ordered sets and a scaled-up transaction record counter is used to construct blockchain clocks that are synchronized across the network. The state-function-driven consensus protocol operates in an energy-efficient, truly decentralized, and democratic way in which each participating network node has equal rights and opportunities to contribute to building blocks to the blockchain. A majority-active-member rule is introduced to resolve any blockchain forking. An administrator proxy contract is introduced to protect the network identity of the selected network node that builds the next block. The consensus process is auditable and verifiable by anyone at any point in time and provides a higher degree of data immutability than a proof-of-work (PoW) consensus. Any participating network node can join and leave the network at any time and the protocol can achieve the highest possible crash fault tolerance (CFT). A secured blockchain state function consisting of three independent sets of parameters is introduced to produce an unbiased and manipulation-resistant output. A collective incentive mechanism is proposed to the consensus protocol.