A Multi-Mechanism Fusion Method for Robust State of Charge Estimation via Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Model with Mixture Kernel Mean p-Power Error Loss Optimized by Golden Jackal Optimization Algorithm

Accurate state of charge (SOC) estimation is crucial for effective battery management in various applications. The bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) as an outstanding nonlinear regression model can be used for SOC estimation. This work develops a novel multi-mechanism fusion method based on BiLSTM to further enhance its estimation performance for SOC, in which the convolutional neural network (CNN), attention mechanism, and mixture kernel mean p-power error (MKMPE) loss are introduced into the BiLSTM framework for addressing different issues. First, the introduction of CNN components aims to extract essential features from battery data, enhancing the model’s comprehension of complex information. Then, the attention mechanism is used to further refine the model’s perceptual ability and a robust MKMPE loss is introduced into the BiLSTM framework to replace its original mean squared error loss, and a novel robust model is developed to suppress non-Gaussian noise interference. Finally, some key hyperparameters of the proposed model are fine-tuned using the golden jackal optimization algorithm, resulting in improved estimation performance. Comparative numerical experiments are meticulously conducted in various cases to evaluate the performance of the proposed method, and the experiment results demonstrate that it can perform outstanding effectiveness in handling non-Gaussian noise scenarios.