Language Model-Assisted Machine Learning, Photoelectrochemical, and First-Principles Investigation of Compatible Solvents for a CH₃NH₃PbI₃ Film in Water

Machine learning and data-driven methods have attracted a significant amount of attention for the acceleration of the design of molecules and materials. In this study, a material design protocol based on multimode modeling that combines literature modeling, numerical data collection, textual descriptor design, genetic modeling, experimental validation, first-principles calculation, and theoretical efficiency calculation is proposed, with a case study on designing compatible complex solvent molecules for a halide perovskite film, which is notorious for optoelectronic deactivation under hostile conditions, especially in water. In the multimode modeling design process, the textual descriptors play the central role and store rich literature scientific knowledge, which starts from the construction of a high-dimension literature model based on scientific articles and is realized by a genetic algorithm for materials predictions. The prediction is substantiated by follow-up experiments and first-principles calculations, leading to the successful identification of effective molecular combinations delivering an unprecedented large aqueous photocurrent (increasing by 3 orders of magnitude compared with that of CH₃NH₃PbI₃) and remarkable aqueous stability (improving from 36% to 89% after immersion in water) under the hostile condition. This study provides a practical route via multimode modeling for accelerating the design of molecule-modified and solution-processed materials in a real scenario.